Healthcare costs and outcomes in the workers compensation and CTP scheme accessible version Sept 2021

The report is segmented into three sections:

• Section 1 – Summary, and overall trends in quarterly healthcare costs to Quarter 1, financial year 2022 - workers compensation and 2017 MAIA CTP schemes
• Section 2 – Quarterly healthcare data update to Quarter 1, financial year 2022 – workers compensation scheme
• Section 3 – Drivers of healthcare expenditure for the 12 months to Quarter 1, financial year 2022 - workers compensation and 2017 MAIA CTP schemes

Definition of ‘healthcare’ used in this report

Within this report, healthcare encompasses the following services only:

• Medical & investigation services
• Surgery
• Diagnostic & therapeutic procedures, nuclear medicine, radiation, ultrasound, MRI etc
• Ambulance services
• Pharmaceutical services
• Allied health services
• Hospital services – public & private
• Care – domestic, personal and nursing
• Aids & appliances
• Dental related services

Section 1 - Summary and overall trends in quarterly healthcare costs to Quarter 1 Financial year 2022 – Workers compensation and 2017 MAIA CTP schemes

Summary of key observations for Section 1

Workers Compensation

• Healthcare expenditure in the workers compensation scheme for Q1 of financial year (FY) 2022 totalled $245.15m across 87.407k claims.

• Quarterly healthcare expenditure increased for the 12-month period following the COVID-19 impacted Q4 FY2020 at a level greater than all historical quarters.
• Q1 FY2022 experienced a reduction in healthcare expenditure which coincides with the wave of COVID-19 delta variant. This reduction appears largely to be driven by decreases in hospital and surgical utilisation.
• Allied health expenditure continued to grow despite any potential impact from the COVID-19 delta variant. For the 12 months to September 2021 allied health expenditure has grown 8.44%, driven primarily by more claims accessing allied health services, increases in the number of services, and inflation.

CTP (2017 MAIA scheme)

• Healthcare expenditure in the 2017 MAIA CTP scheme for Q1 of financial year (FY) 2022 totalled $26.82m across 8.85k claims.
• Q1 FY2022 experienced a significant reduction in healthcare expenditure which coincides with the wave of COVID-19 delta variant.
• Prior to Q1 FY 2022, healthcare expenditure growth resumed following subdued expenditure in Q4 FY2020 (COVID-19 restrictions) primarily driven by an increase in claims accessing healthcare and increase in services per claim.
• The 2017 MAIA scheme is continuing to mature. It is challenging to draw conclusions on healthcare trends until the scheme reaches a steady state.
• Healthcare delivered under the 1999 MACA CTP scheme is not included in this report.

Trends in healthcare expenditure by financial year quarter

• Healthcare expenditure for the workers compensation (WC) scheme totalled $1.04 billion for the 12 months to 30 September 2021, an increase of 4.39% compared with the previous 12 month period. Overall, the WC scheme demonstrates continued growth in health care expenditure despite the intermittent impacts of COVID.
• Healthcare expenditure for the 2017 MAIA CTP scheme totalled $118.8 million for the same 12 month period, an increase of 10.38%. Healthcare expenditure for the 2017 MAIA CTP scheme continues to grow as the scheme matures.
• In the 12 month period following the COVID impacted on Q4 2020, both schemes experienced healthcare expenditure elevated above all historical quarters.
• Both schemes experienced a reduction in healthcare spend for Q1-FY2022, coinciding with the impact of the COVID-19 Delta variant.

WC healthcare expenditure by service quarter:

• Quarter 1 FY2021: $275.1m
• Quarter 2 FY2021: $264.63m
• Quarter 3 FY2021: $257.52m
• Quarter 4 FY2021: $273.37m
• Quarter 1 FY2022: $245.15m

2017 MAIA CTP healthcare expenditure by service quarter:

• Quarter 1 FY2021: $31.91m
• Quarter 2 FY2021: $29.12m
• Quarter 3 FY2021: $30.1m
• Quarter 4 FY2021: $32.78m
• Quarter 1 FY2022: $26.82m

Section 2 - Quarterly healthcare data update to Quarter 1 Financial year 2022 - workers compensation scheme

• Significant reductions in hospital and surgical costs are demonstrated in FY2020-Q4 as a result of COVID-19. Hospital and surgical costs show significant increases immediately following FY2020-Q4, corresponding with easing of COVID-19 related restrictions.
• Reductions in hospital and surgical expenditure is again demonstrated in FY2022-Q1, potentially due to impacts of the COVID-19 Delta variant. These reductions will be more accurately represented in future healthcare dashboards as data for FY2022-Q1 matures.
• Most all other healthcare service types continue to trend upwards and demonstrate annual seasonality in costs. Allied health demonstrates more significant cost growth over other healthcare service types.

WC healthcare expenditure by service type per financial year service quarter

• Allied Health Services:2020-Q2 ($51m),2020-Q3 ($52m),2020-Q4 ($53m),2021-Q1 ($59m),2021-Q2 ($56m),2021-Q3 ($57m)2021-Q4 ($61m)2022-Q1 ($59m)
• Ambulance:2020-Q2 ($817k),2020-Q3 ($752k),2020-Q4 ($675k),2021-Q1 ($757k),2021-Q2 ($829k),2021-Q3 ($900k)2021-Q4 ($1m)2022-Q1 ($815k)
• Attendance:2020-Q2 ($41m),2020-Q3 ($42m),2020-Q4 ($43m),2021-Q1 ($48m),2021-Q2 ($45m),2021-Q3 ($46m)2021-Q4 ($47m)2022-Q1 ($46m)
• Care services and aids:2020-Q2 ($31m),2020-Q3 ($31m),2020-Q4 ($30m),2021-Q1 ($34m),2021-Q2 ($34m),2021-Q3 ($33m)2021-Q4 ($35m)2022-Q1 ($32m)
• Dental related services:2020-Q2 ($1.3m),2020-Q3 ($1.2m),2020-Q4 ($886k),2021-Q1 ($992k),2021-Q2 ($971k),2021-Q3 ($994k)2021-Q4 ($1.2m)2022-Q1 ($878k)
• Diagnostics:2020-Q2 ($18.1m),2020-Q3 ($18.2m),2020-Q4 ($17m),2021-Q1 ($21m),2021-Q2 ($20m),2021-Q3 ($20m)2021-Q4 ($21m)2022-Q1 ($18.5m)
• Hospital:2020-Q2 ($52.7m),2020-Q3 ($50m),2020-Q4 ($40.2m),2021-Q1 ($53.6m),2021-Q2 ($52m),2021-Q3 ($49m)2021-Q4 ($52.7m)2022-Q1 ($42.1m)
• Pharmaceutical Services:2020-Q2 ($4.9m),2020-Q3 ($5m),2020-Q4 ($4.9m),2021-Q1 ($5.1m),2021-Q2 ($5m),2021-Q3 ($5.1m)2021-Q4 ($4.8m)2022-Q1 ($4.4m)
• Refund payments:2020-Q2 ($1.8m),2020-Q3 ($1.9m),2020-Q4 ($2.1m),2021-Q1 ($1.7m),2021-Q2 ($2.1m),2021-Q3 ($1.6m)2021-Q4 ($1.7m)2022-Q1 ($1.2m)
• Surgery:2020-Q2 ($46.7m),2020-Q3 ($44.6m),2020-Q4 ($36m),2021-Q1 ($52.1m),2021-Q2 ($48.1m),2021-Q3 ($44.2m)2021-Q4 ($48.7m)2022-Q1 ($40.1m)

Trends in the number of workers compensation claims receiving healthcare services by service quarter

• The number of claims receiving healthcare services grew steadily across all workers compensation insurers in the 12 months following the impact of COVID-19 in FY2020-Q4. This growth was less significant for self and specialised insurers.
• The FY2022-Q1 quarter demonstrates a reduction in the number of claims receiving healthcare services most noted for the nominal insurer. This coincides with the COVID-19 Delta variant.
• 2020-Q1: Nominal Insurer 55717, TMF Insurer 17536, Self Insurer 6719, Specialised Insurer 5587
• 2020-Q2: Nominal Insurer 55294, TMF Insurer 17538, Self Insurer 6547, Specialised Insurer 5539
• 2020-Q3: Nominal Insurer 54767, TMF Insurer 17296, Self Insurer 6629, Specialised Insurer 5594
• 2020-Q4: Nominal Insurer 53020, TMF Insurer 16843, Self Insurer 6459, Specialised Insurer 5029
• 2021-Q1: Nominal Insurer 57304, TMF Insurer 18229, Self Insurer 7026, Specialised Insurer 5747
• 2021-Q2: Nominal Insurer 57431, TMF Insurer 18534, Self Insurer 6885, Specialised Insurer 5846
• 2021-Q3: Nominal Insurer 57756, TMF Insurer 18828, Self Insurer 6891, Specialised Insurer 5901
• 2021-Q4: Nominal Insurer 59088, TMF Insurer 19378, Self Insurer 7181, Specialised Insurer 6080
• 2022-Q1: Nominal Insurer 56057, TMF Insurer 18980, Self Insurer 6847, Specialised Insurer 5523

The number of WC claims receiving healthcare services by service group

• An increase in the number of claims accessing most healthcare services is seen following the COVID-impacted FY 2020-Q4. While most levelled out after this increase, professional medical attendances and allied health both experienced strong growth in the number of claims accessing their services.
• The number of claims accessing Care services and aids shows a significant reduction from FY 2021-Q3 to FY2022-Q1. This is driven primarily by reductions in the aids subgroup containing items such as back rests and braces, strapping tape, theraband and other consumables. Other Care services subgroups such as personal care and nursing care at home show steady claim numbers over the same period.
• All service groups show a reduction in claim numbers for FY 2022-Q1. This coincides with the COVID-19 Delta variant.

Number of WC claims accessing healthcare service groups by service quarter

• Attendance:2020-Q2 (72327),2020-Q3 (72537),2020-Q4 (69534),2021-Q1 (75079),2021-Q2 (75786),2021-Q3 (76814),2021-Q4 (78094),2022-Q1 (74589)
• Allied Health Services: 2020-Q2 (48419),2020-Q3 (48216),2020-Q4 (46659),2021-Q1 (51703),2021-Q2 (52279),2021-Q3 (52473),2021-Q4 (54703),2022-Q1 (52050)
• Care services and aids: 2020-Q2 (23145),2020-Q3 (22746),2020-Q4 (22562),2021-Q1 (25710),2021-Q2 (24774),2021-Q3 (17567),2021-Q4 (18006),2022-Q1 (16476)
• Diagnostics:2020-Q2 (19545),2020-Q3 (19354),2020-Q4 (17640),2021-Q1 (21313),2021-Q2 (20702),2021-Q3 (20679),2021-Q4 (21363),2022-Q1 (18698)
• Hospital:2020-Q2 (11894),2020-Q3 (11048),2020-Q4 (9031),2021-Q1 (11880),2021-Q2 (11505),2021-Q3 (11219),2021-Q4 (11909),2022-Q1 (9505)
• Pharmaceutical Services:2020-Q2 (20655),2020-Q3 (20428),2020-Q4 (19366),2021-Q1 (21055),2021-Q2 (20475),2021-Q3 (20751),2021-Q4 (20247),2022-Q1 (18176)
• Surgery:2020-Q2 (9125),2020-Q3 (8216),2020-Q4 (6983),2021-Q1 (9112),2021-Q2 (8575),2021-Q3 (8001),2021-Q4 (8493),2022-Q1 (7574)
• Ambulance:2020-Q2 (1156),2020-Q3 (1022),2020-Q4 (864),2021-Q1 (887),  2021-Q2 (1106),2021-Q3 (1221),2021-Q4 (1130),2022-Q1 (899)
• Refund payments:2020-Q2 (582),2020-Q3 (589),2020-Q4 (601),2021-Q1 (623),2021-Q2 (546),2021-Q3 (451),2021-Q4 (330),2022-Q1 (257)
• Dental related services:2020-Q2 (531),2020-Q3 (493),2020-Q4 (413),2021-Q1 (480),2021-Q2 (475),2021-Q3 (497)2021-Q4 (528),2022-Q1 (375)

Trends in the number of healthcare services by service group for workers compensation claims

• The number of healthcare services delivered by service group per quarter continues to grow.
• This is again driven primarily by allied health services and professional medical attendances.
• Surgery, hospital and diagnostics demonstrate very similar trends and also numbers of services, all impacted in FY2020-Q4 by COVID, but recovering and remaining relatively static thereafter.
• Pharmaceuticals has remained steady with no appreciable impact in the number of services during COVID impacted quarters.
• Care services and aids demonstrates a recent decline in service numbers. As mentioned previously, this is driven primarily by reductions in the aids subgroup for items such as back rests and braces, strapping tape, theraband and other consumables.

Number of services by service group in WC by financial year quarter

• Allied Health Services:  2020-Q2 (437163),2020-Q3 (435307),2020-Q4 (448871),2021-Q1 (495581),2021-Q2 (466017),2021-Q3 (487196),2021-Q4 (515346),2022-Q1 (507053)
• Ambulance:  2020-Q2 (1496),2020-Q3 (1302),2020-Q4 (1195),2021-Q1 (1131),2021-Q2 (1458),2021-Q3 (1711),2021-Q4 (1643),2022-Q1 (1261)
• Attendance:  2020-Q2 (318663),2020-Q3 (320696),2020-Q4 (326069),2021-Q1 (363982),2021-Q2 (346766),2021-Q3 (346773),2021-Q4 (353414),2022-Q1 (342371)
• Care services and aids:  2020-Q2 (101931),2020-Q3 (99587),2020-Q4 (98078),2021-Q1 (111786),2021-Q2 (111446),2021-Q3 (91636),2021-Q4 (95717),2022-Q1 (83492)
• Dental related services:  2020-Q2 (2320),2020-Q3 (2071),2020-Q4 (1600),2021-Q1 (1873),2021-Q2 (1788),2021-Q3 (1950),2021-Q4 (1920),2022-Q1 (1422)
• Diagnostics:2020-Q2 (51381),2020-Q3 (49583),2020-Q4 (44954),2021-Q1 (56606),2021-Q2 (52428),2021-Q3 (51329),2021-Q4 (54090),2022-Q1 (46687)
• Hospital:2020-Q2 (58326),2020-Q3 (53402),2020-Q4 (42190),2021-Q1 (56432),2021-Q2 (52368),2021-Q3 (49169),2021-Q4 (52550),2022-Q1 (43548)
• Pharmaceutical Services:  2020-Q2 (128927),2020-Q3 (127870),2020-Q4 (121905),2021-Q1 (128762),2021-Q2 (124239),2021-Q3 (125539),2021-Q4 (130626),2022-Q1 (123663)
• Refund payments:  2020-Q2 (668),2020-Q3 (685),2020-Q4 (710),2021-Q1 (721),  2021-Q2 (662),2021-Q3 (540),2021-Q4 (360),2022-Q1 (285)
• Surgery:  2020-Q2 (54059),2020-Q3 (50017),2020-Q4 (39417),2021-Q1 (55391),2021-Q2 (48987),2021-Q3 (43409),2021-Q4 (46682),2022-Q1 (39172)

Trends in the number of services by service sub-group for workers compensation claims

• Physiotherapy demonstrates the largest increase in service utilisation, with exercise physiology and psychology contributing to overall growth in the allied health service group. Chiropractic, osteopathy, and remedial massage service groups remained static.
• General practitioner (GP) attendances and SIRA specific services (e.g. certification, report writing, case conferencing) were primary drivers for the increase in medical attendances. While not at the same scale, specialist, physician, and surgical attendances also demonstrated moderate increases across the reporting period relative to their historical levels.

Psychology and counselling – trends in number of workers compensation claims accessing services and average services per claim

• Claims accessing psychological services has continued its growth trajectory following flattening in the quarters immediately proceeding FY2020-Q4.
• Claims accessing counselling services on a quarterly basis has grown at a significant rate for the most recent quarters.

Claims accessing psychology services

• Psychology services:2020-Q2 (11458),2020-Q3 (11912),2020-Q4 (11982),2021-Q1 (12629),2021-Q2 (12678),2021-Q3 (13064),2021-Q4 (13705),2022-Q1 (13753)

• Average Psychology services per claim:  2020-Q2 (4.05),2020-Q3 (4.06),2020-Q4 (4.83),2021-Q1 (4.50),2021-Q2 (4.17),2021-Q3 (4.04),2021-Q4 (4.16),2022-Q1 (4.51)

Claims accessing counselling services

• Counselling services:  2020-Q2 (278),2020-Q3 (297),2020-Q4 (335),2021-Q1 (376),2021-Q2 (374),2021-Q3 (448),2021-Q4 (533),2022-Q1 (540)
• Average Counselling services per claim:2020-Q2 (5.21),2020-Q3 (5.31),2020-Q4 (6.75),2021-Q1 (5.20),2021-Q2 (5.05),2021-Q3 (4.62),2021-Q4 (4.82),2022-Q1 (5.33)

Average cost of healthcare per claim in the workers compensation scheme

• All insurers demonstrate a gradual increase in average healthcare costs per claim across successive financial years.
• A spike in average healthcare spend per claim is seen in FY2021-Q1, most likely a result of access to postponed higher cost healthcare such as surgery and hospital services.
• Trends in average healthcare costs per claim are varied across insurers after this spike, however a higher average cost appears to be maintained.
• No adjustment for case mix has been made for these figures.

Average healthcare cost (nominal) per claim by insurer group

• Financial quarter 2020-Q2:Nominal Insurer ($3,182),TMF Insurer ($2,409),Self Insurer ($2,571),Specialised Insurer ($2,442)
• Financial quarter 2020-Q3:Nominal Insurer ($3,238),TMF Insurer ($2,285),Self Insurer ($2,422),Specialised Insurer ($2,206)
• Financial quarter 2020-Q4:Nominal Insurer ($3,072),TMF Insurer ($2,313),Self Insurer ($2,295),Specialised Insurer ($2,264)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q1:Nominal Insurer ($3,373),TMF Insurer ($2,550),Self Insurer ($2,898),Specialised Insurer ($2,602)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q2:Nominal Insurer ($3,282),TMF Insurer ($2,412),Self Insurer ($2,496),Specialised Insurer ($2,434)

• Financial quarter 2021-Q3:Nominal Insurer ($3,154),TMF Insurer ($2,302),Self Insurer ($2,551),Specialised Insurer ($2,449)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q4:Nominal Insurer ($3,250),TMF Insurer ($2,450),Self Insurer ($2,569),Specialised Insurer ($2,535)
• Financial quarter 2022-Q1:Nominal Insurer ($3,058),TMF Insurer ($2,300),Self Insurer ($2,456),Specialised Insurer ($2,398)

Average number of healthcare services per claim in the workers compensation scheme

• The number of healthcare services per claim increased gradually across all insurers from Q2 2017 to Q4 2018. This appears to have flattened to a new higher average number of healthcare services per claim per quarter, with some minor seasonal variations.
• The increase seen in Q1 FY2021 is noted, most likely attributed to the easing of COVID-19 restrictions allowing access to postponed services, and the increase in psychological and counselling services.
• No adjustment for case mix has been made in this graph.

Average number of healthcare services per claim by insurer type

• Financial quarter 2020-Q2:Nominal Insurer (14.5),Self Insurer (12),Specialised Insurer (10.5),TMF Insurer (12.2)
• Financial quarter 2020-Q3:Nominal Insurer (14.6),Self Insurer (11.6),Specialised Insurer (10.1),TMF Insurer (12.1)
• Financial quarter 2020-Q4:Nominal Insurer (14.8),Self Insurer (11.8),Specialised Insurer (10.6),TMF Insurer (12.6)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q1:Nominal Insurer (15.4),Self Insurer (12.8),Specialised Insurer (10.8),TMF Insurer (13.1)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q2:Nominal Insurer (14.6),Self Insurer (11.9),Specialised Insurer (10.3),TMF Insurer (12.2)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q3:Nominal Insurer (14.4),Self Insurer (12.2),Specialised Insurer (10.4),TMF Insurer (11.8)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q3:Nominal Insurer (14.6),Self Insurer (12.1),Specialised Insurer (10.7),TMF Insurer (12.2)
• Financial quarter 2021-Q3:Nominal Insurer (14.5),Self Insurer (12.1),Specialised Insurer (11.1),TMF Insurer (12.4)

Section 3 - Drivers of healthcare expenditure for the 12 months to 30 September 2021

The following graphs provide analysis of cost drivers in healthcare over the twelve-month period from 1 October 2020 to 30 September 2021 compared to the period 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2020. This is not a comparison of financial years.

The cost driver analysis apportions the change in total healthcare expenditure between the consecutive periods to:

• Change in healthcare claims (across all service types)
• Impact of inflation
• Number of different healthcare service types per claim
• Number of healthcare services per healthcare service type
• Change in the average cost of each healthcare service

Drivers of workers compensation healthcare expenditure for the 12 months to September 2021

Healthcare expenditure in the workers compensation scheme grew 4.39% in the 12 months to September 2021 compared with the previous 12-month period. This has been driven primarily by increases in the number of claims accessing in-scope healthcare services and the number of services per service type. (Refer to Appendix 1 for more information on how to interpret this chart)

• Payments to September 2020: $996.9 million
• Payments to March 2021: $1,040.7 million

During the 12-month period up to 30 September 2021, the number of claims, the number of services per service type, and inflation contributed to additional expenditure of 2.0%, 2.55%, and 2.15% respectively. The number of service types and average cost per service had negative contributions to overall expenditure with respective decreases of 1.22%, and 1.10%.

Drivers of workers compensation healthcare costs for the last three years ending 31 March 2021

• 12 months to Sept 2019 – all drivers of healthcare expenditure contributed to positive growth when compared with the previous 12-month period, particularly the number of claims, and service utilisation (comprising of the number of service types per claim and the number of services per service type)
• 12 months to Sept 2020 – the main driver was utilisation (number of service types per claim and the number of services per service type). The number of claims was a small negative driver. Average cost per service was a significant negative driver, reflecting reductions in high-cost services of hospital and surgery due to COVID-19
• 12 months to Sept 2021 – the number of claims has returned as a positive driver of healthcare expenditure. While the number of service types per claim was a negative driver, the number of services per service type remained (as part of service utilisation) a positive driver. Average cost per service was still a negative driver. This is not as significant as the previous 12 months, indicating a return of higher cost services (i.e. surgery and hospital).
• Inflation continues to contribute to healthcare expenditure growth across all periods, more so in the 12 months to Sept 2021.

Changes in the drivers of Workers Compensation healthcare expenditure by 12 months to 30 September 2019, 2020, and 2021

• Number of claims: September 2019 $69.3m; September 2020 $7.6m; September 2021 $19.97m
• Service types per claim: September 2019 $11.3m; September 2020 $1.8m; September 2021 $12.2m
• Services per service type: September 2019 $33.4m; September 2020 $31.2m; September 2021 $25.2m
• Average cost per service: September 2019 $8.4m; September 2020 $27.5m; September 2021 10.98m
• Inflation: September 2019 $13.3m; September 2020 $10.65m; September 2021 Mar 19 $21.5m

Drivers of 2017 MAIA CTP scheme healthcare expenditure for the 12 months to 30 September 2021

Healthcare expenditure in the 2017 MAIA CTP scheme grew 10.38% in the 12 months to September 2021 compared with the previous 12-month period. This has been driven primarily by increases in the number of claims accessing in-scope healthcare services and increases in service utilisation (both the service types per claim, and the number of services per service type).

Payments for 12 months to 30 September 2021 grew by $11.18 million compared with the preceding 12 months.

During the 12-months to 30 September 2021,

• Number of claims grew 5.62%.
• Service types per claim grew 2.4%.
• Services per service type grew 5.45%.
• Average cost per service decreased by 5.08%.
• Inflation grew by 2.0%.

The 2017 MAIA scheme continues to mature.

Appendix 1 – how to interpret the drivers of healthcare costs waterfall chart

Change in the number of claims – Difference between the number of claims receiving any in-scope healthcare service between years. This is indicative of the propensity for claimants to access any of the in-scope medical treatments in the given year.

Change in service utilisation, comprising:

• Number of different service types per claim – For a given claim, this refers to the different number of service types utilised during the year, where a service type refers to a medical sub-category. This component reflects any changes in the breadth of services accessed by claimants and the resulting expenditure impact.
• Number of services provided per service type – For a given claim, this refers to the number of services that are provided to the claimant for each service type during the year (i.e. the volume of services).

Change in average cost of each service – Differences in the average cost for each medical payment in the year. This component is impacted by many factors including service complexity, changes of the fee schedule year-on-year, and providers charging prices above the fee schedule.

Impact of inflation – Inflation is assumed to follow the Australian Consumer Price Index. This does not contribute to the levels of superimposed inflation.

Percentages shown are the impact relative to the starting payments

Glossary of terms used in this report

• Example sub-groups: Chiropractic, Exercise Physiology, Physiotherapy, Psychological Services, Remedial Massage Therapy

Ambulance: Emergency related services

• Example sub-groups: Ambulance

Attendance: Medical and investigation services e.g. GP services and specialist consultations

• Example sub-groups: GP, Specialist

Care: Provision of personal or domestic care

• Example sub-groups: Domestic, Nursing, Personal

Diagnostics: Medical imaging, including X-ray, nuclear medicine, radiation, ultrasound, MRI etc

• Example sub-groups: Imaging

Hospital: Services, treatment and rehabilitation provided by private or public hospital services

• Example sub-groups: Private Hospital Services, Public Hospital Services

Surgery: Any services related to surgeries including anaesthesia and assistance at operations

• Example sub-groups: Anaesthesia, Specialist

Dental: Services provided by a dental practitioner

• Example sub-groups: Dental and Dental Prothesis